Invited Speaker Australian & New Zealand Society of Magnetic Resonance Conference 2017

Mobile NMR Measurements of Multi-Phase Fluids (#69)

Michael L Johns 1
  1. School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, , The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA

Instantaneous measurements of multiphase fluid flows has significant potential in a number of industries; particularly in the oil and gas industry in assisting the development of marginal fields and monitoring subsea processing.  The accurate quantification of component flowrates for industrial flows (typically consisting of oil, gas, condensate and water) using multiphase flow meters provides considerable benefits with respect to process safety, production monitoring and reservoir management. We present the novel use of an Earth’s Field nuclear magnetic resonance (EFNMR) multiphase flow metering system [1-2].  The apparatus consists of a pre-polarising permanent magnet (0.3 T Halbach array) upstream of an EFNMR radio frequency (r.f.) detection coil (Magritek, New Zealand) which is used to excite and detect a ~2260 Hz 1H NMR signal from the flowing fluid stream.  The position of the pre-polarising magnet is adjustable in order to allow variation in the polarisation-detection distance.  The system is capable of resolving velocity distributions and liquid hold-up in near real time for turbulent multi-phase flow.  These parameters were successfully validated against known volumetric flowrates as well as visual observation of liquid hold-up. Quantitative measurement of oil contamination in produced water  is required in the oil and gas industry at the ppm level prior to its discharge in order to meet ever more stringent environmental legislation.  An eligible method to accurately and reliably measure this oil contamination should be compact, robust and ideally account for both dispersed and dissolved oil components.  Here we present the use of mobile, comparatively low-field, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE), to meet this metrology need.  The methodology developed exploits the use of a benchtop (1 T) Halbach magnet array with 1H detection. The SPE apparatus is used to concentrate the oil contamination, which is then recovered by a solvent prior to NMR analysis.  The solvent selected - 1% v/v chloroform in tetrachloroethylene – provides a reference 1H signal with comparable signal intensity to the oil resonance resulting in the measurement being effectively self-calibrating.  Compared to ultrasonic and optical commerical allternatives, this is a unique and highly desirable feature. The measuremess process has been successfully and widely demonstrated on water contamined with various oils over the range 1-30 ppm including being deployed on Woodside’s Pluto LNG plant at Dampier, WA. Excellent agreement was achieved with alternative, established methods, namely infrared analysis and gas chromatography. The measurement system is now almost fully automated. 

  1. [1] O’Neill, K.T., Fridjonsson, E.O, Stanwix, P.S. and Johns, M.L. (2016) Quantitative Velocity Distributions via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Flow Metering, J. of Magn. Res., 269, 179-185. [2] Fridjonsson, E.O, Stanwix, P.S. and Johns, M.L. (2014), Earth’s Field NMR Flow Meter: Preliminary Quantitative Measurements, J. of Magn. Res., 245, 110-115. [3] Wagner, L., Kalli, C., Fridjonsson, E.O., May, E.F., Stanwix, P.L., Graham, B.F., Carroll, M.R.J. and Johns, M.L. (2016), Quantitative Produced Water Analysis using Mobile 1H NMR, Meas. Sci. & Tech., 27, 105501.